Comparing the performance of Python Django and Java Hinernate ORM frameworks

DOI: 10.31673/2412-9070.2025.061204

Abstract

The article presents a comparative analysis of the performance of ORM frameworks Django ORM (Python) and Hibernate (Java) in large-scale relational database environments. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to optimize the interaction between the application layer and the database in systems with high demands for performance and data consistency.
The purpose of the work is to experimentally evaluate performance, latency, SQL query intensity, CPU usage, and memory consumption for both ORM frameworks in a unified PostgreSQL environment. The modeling included CRUD operations, join queries, and aggregation scenarios with a dataset exceeding 900,000 records.
The results showed that Django ORM outperforms in basic operations and complex data selections due to its lower level of abstraction and reduced number of intermediate layers. Hibernate, in contrast, demonstrates stability and consistency under high transactional load, ensuring scalability through its multi-layered architecture and JVM-level optimizations.
It is recommended to use Django ORM in web applications and rapid development systems, while Hibernate is more suitable for corporate and financial systems where stability and object state control are critical.

Keywords: ORM, Django, Hibernate, relational database, performance, latency, transactions, PostgreSQL, Python, Java, programming languages.